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Huai Hua (Flos Sophorae)

(page 572 Chinese Medical Herbology & Pharmacology by John K. Chen, Tina T. Chen "Full-color photographs are displayed in alphabetical order by pinyin name in this section, to assist in accurate recognition of individual herbs...")

Pinyin Name: Huai Hua

Literal Name: "pagoda flower"

Alternate Chinese Names: Huai Mi, Huai Rui, Huai

Hua Mi Original Source: Ri Hua Zi Ben Cao (Materia Medica of Ri Hua-Zi) by Ri Hua-Zi in 713 A.D.

English Name: sophora, Japanese pagoda tree flower

Botanical Name: Sophora japonica L. (Huai)

Pharmaceutical Name: Flos Sophorae

Properties: bitter, cool

Channels Entered: Liver, Large Intestine

 

CHINESE THERAPEUTIC ACTIONS

1. Cools Blood and Stops Bleeding

Bleeding: Huai Hua (Flos Sophorae) treats various bleed­ ing disorders characterized by heat in the blood. Because it enters the Liver and Large Intestine, Huai Hua is most effective and most commonly used to treat bleeding in the lower jiao, such as hematochezia, bleeding hemor­ rhoids, hematuria and profuse menstrual bleeding.

• Hematochezia with bright red blood, caused by damp- heat in the Large Intestine: add Huai Hua to Ce Bai Ye (Cacumen Platycladi), fing Jie (Herba Schizonepetae), and Zhi Ke (Fructus Aurantii). Exemplar Formula: Huai Hua San (Sophora Japonica Flower Powder).

• Hematochezia with bright red blood, caused by excess heat and fire: use this herb with Zhi Zi (Fructus Gardeniae).

• Bleeding hemorrhoids: combine it with Di Yu (Radix Sanguisorbae), Cang Zhu (Rhizoma Atractylodis) and Can Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae).

• Hematuria caused by heat in the Urinary Bladder: use charred Huai Hua and Yu Jin (Radix Curcumae).

• Metrorrhagia or abnormal uterine bleeding: mix the powder of Huai Hua and Can Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) with warm liquor.

• Persistent hematemesis: mix charred Huai Hua with a small amount of She Xiang (Moschus), and serve it with sticky rice soup.

• Persistent epistaxis: mix equal portions of Huai Hua and Hat Piao Xiao (Endoconcha Sepiae) powder and apply the powder directly into the nostrils.

• Bleeding of the tongue: apply Huai Hua powder topically.

 

2. Clears Liver Heat and Sedates Fire

Huai Hua treats red eyes, headache, dizziness and vertigo associated with Liver heat and fire.

• Liver heat and fire: combine Huai Hua with }u Hua (Flos Chrysanthemi) and Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae), and serve as tea.

 

DOSAGE

10 to 15 grams for decoction, reduce the dosage for Huai Hua powder. The fresh herb has a stronger function to cool blood, purge fire, and lower blood pressure. The dry-fried form is warmer, and is less likely to cause irri­tation to the Spleen and Stomach. The charred herb is better to stop bleeding.

 

CAUTIONS / CONTRAINDICATIONS

• Huai Hua should be used with caution in deficiency and cold of the Spleen and Stomach.

 

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

Rutin, betulin, sophoradiol, sophorin A, sophorin B, sophorin C, quercetin, and rutoside. 1' 2- 3

• Hemostatic: Both unprocessed and charred Huai Hua may shorten bleeding time. Charred Huai Hua is stronger than the unprocessed herb in this hemostatic function. 4

• Effect on blood vessels: Rutin and quercetin have been shown to maintain the integrity of the capillaries by decreasing permeability and increasing flexibility. 5

• Cardiovascular: Administration of rutin and quercetin to frogs has demonstrated positive inotropic and nega­ tive chronotropic effects, leading to increased cardiac output and decreased heart rate. These substances also improve blood perfusion to the cardiac muscle by dilat­ ing the coronary artery. Lastly, administration of water and alcohol extracts of Huai Hua have marked antihy- pertensive effects, as demonstrated in anesthetized dogs. 6

1 Antihyperlipidemic: Administration of quercetin has been associated with reduction of liver and plasma cho­lesterol levels. It has demonstrated promising protective and therapeutic effects for atherosclerosis treatment. 7 Anti-inflammatory: Administration of rutin and quercetin Nia the intraperitoneal route has demonstrated marked anti-inflammatory effects in mice and rats with arthritis. 8

1 Antispasmodic and antiulcer: Rutin and quercetin have been shown to reduce the contractility of the intestines and decrease the secretion of gastric acid. Quercetin is five times more potent than rutin in its antispasmodic effect. 9

1 Protective effect against radiation: Administration of rutin reduced the severity of adverse effects and the inci­ dence of fatality in mice exposed to x-ray radiation. 10 I" Preventative effect against frostbite: Rutin has a protec­ tive effect against frostbite, and is most effective in treat­ ing cases of third-degree frostbite."

CLINICAL STUDIES AND RESEARCH

• Menstrual bleeding

• Hemorrhoids: In one study, 400 patients with hemorrihoids were treated with an herbal decoction once daily with good success. The study reported that 61% showed significant improvement, 31% showed moderate improvement and 8% experienced no improvement. The formula contained Huai Hua 15g, Huai Jiao (Fructus Sophorae) 15g, Hua Shi (Talcum) 15g, Sheng Di Huang (Radix Rehmanniae) 12g, Jin Yin Hua (Flos Lonicerae) 12g, Dang Gui (Radicis Angelicae Sinensis) 12g, Huang Lian (Rhizoma Coptidis) 12g, Huang Bai (Cortex Phellodendri) 10g, Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae) lOg, Sheng Ma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae) 6g, Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri) 6g, Zhi Ke (Fructus Aurantii) 6g, Can Cao (Radix Glycyrrhizae) 3g, and others (based on the condi­ tion of each patient). 13

 

• Psoriasis: Sufferers of psoriasis were treated with 3 grams of dry-fried Huai Hua in powder, taken twice daily with warm water after meals. Out of 53 patients, 6 showed significant improvement, 22 made moderate progress, 19 had slight improvement, and 6 showed no response. The herbal remedy was prepared by dry-frying Huai Hua until it turned yellow, grinding it to powder, and mixing it with honey to make pills.

• Summer boil: Application of a Huai Hua solution topically two to three times daily, followed by application of Huai Hua paste, showed marked effectiveness within 1 to 2 days. The herbal solution was prepared by cooking 30 to 60 grams of the herb in 1,500 ml of water. 14

 

TOXICOLOGY

The LD 50 for quercetin in mice is 160 mg/kg via oral ingestion. 15

 

SUPPLEMENT

• Huai Jiao (Fructus Sophorae), first cited in Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing (Divine Husbandman's Classic of the Materia Medica) in the second century, is derived from the fruit of the same plant as Huai Hua (Flos Sophorae). Huai Jiao is bitter, cold, and enters the Liver and Large Intestine. In comparison with Huai Hua, Huai ]iao has weaker action to stop bleeding, and stronger effect to sedate heat. It can also lubricate the intestines. For treatment of hemorrhoidal bleeding, hematochezia or bleeding caused by abscesses or swelling with pain, Huai Jiao is often combined with Di Yu (Radix Sanguisorbae), Huang Qin (Radix Scutellariae) and Dang Gui (Radicis Angelicae Sinensis). To sedate Liver fire to lower blood pressure and treat red eyes, headache and dizziness, Huai Jiao is commonly combined with Huang Qin, Jue MingZi (Semen Cassiae) and Xia Ku Cao (Spica Prunellae). Huai Jiao is contraindicated in preg­ nant women, or patients with deficiency and cold of the Spleen and Stomach. The recommended dosage of Huai Jiao is 10 to 15 grams in decoction.

 

References

1. Xian Dai Zhong Yao Yao Li Xue (Contemporary Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs), 1997; 792-793

2. The Merck Index 12 th edition, Chapman & Hall/CRCnetBASE/Merck, 2000.

3. Ibid.

4. Guang Xi Zhong Yi Yao (Guangxi Chinese Medicine and Herbology), 1990; 13(1 ):44

5. Zhong Yao Xue (Chinese Herbology), 1998; 478:481

6. Ibid., 478-480

7. Zhi Wu Yao You Xiao Cheng Fen ShouCe (Manual of Plant Medicinals and Their Active Constituents), 1986; 902:876

8. Ibid.

9. Zhong Yao Xue (Chinese Herbology), 1998; 478-480

10. Ibid.

11. Ibid.

12. Zhong Yi Za Zhi (Journal of Chinese Medicine), 1982; 3(6):28

13. Si Chuan Zhong Yi (Sichuan Chinese Medicine), 1985; 3(5):49

14. Zhe Jiang Zhong Yi Za Zhi (Zhejiang Journal of Chinese Medicinel. 1966; 9(7):40

15. Zhi Wu Yao You Xiao Cheng Fen Shou Ce (Manual of Plant Medicinals and Their Active Constituents), 1986: 902,876

 

 

 

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