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By Kathy L. Miedema
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Mercury News
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What are bedbugs?
There are seven species of cimex, or bedbugs, that feed on humans, with the most common being the Cimex lectularis found in cosmopolitan areas, according to the Ohio State University College of Biological Sciences.
These nocturnal parasites survive on human blood but can go for as long as a year between feedings.
Why are they feasting anew on tourists these days?
At a recent conference in New York, Purdue University entomology Professor Gary Bennett said the problem is global -- a result of international travel and the disuse of the banned pesticide DDT, which virtually wiped out the bugs after World War II.
Indeed, pest control experts from the Midwest to Florida, and from Australia to England, have reported a resurgence.
In the South Bay, there's been no increase, said Dan Strickman, a vector ecologist for the Santa Clara County Vector Control District.
But South Bay residents could come across the insects on their travels, and should take precautions. A bedbug bite can be ``a real problem,'' Strickman said. ``It's not like the occasional mosquito bite. It's more than most of us can tolerate.''
How can you protect yourself before you travel?
A Choose a hotel that belongs to an organization sanctioned by the city or country you are visiting.
``Our advice would always be to look for a hotel, bed-and-breakfast or any accommodation covered by the quality assurance scheme run by the local tourist authority who inspects hotels,'' says Ken Kelling, general manager of corporate affairs for Visit London, the city's official travel information organization, in an e-mail. ``This quality assurance branding will appear on the accommodation's buildings and in their literature. This scheme gives a guarantee of quality and recourse to a system to take up complaints if you have a bad experience.''
Also, make sure to pack such anti-itch remedies as Benadryl, Lanocaine and Caladryl.
How can you spot bedbugs in your hotel room?
These brown or reddish parasites are shaped like apple seeds. They're nocturnal, so during the day they hide in dark crevices between the wall and baseboard of your room and under the mattress. Even if you don't see any, they can leave calling cards: Pull down the bed covers and look for reddish stains on the mattress or in the linens. Also, heavily infested rooms have a sweet smell, the Web site for the Orkin pest control company says.
If you don't see anything but wake up with several bites the next day, note the appearance of the bites. Are there several in one area or just, say, one on your arm and one on your leg? Clustered bites point to bedbugs. Bites that appear in a rash-like pattern, especially in crevices of the body like under the arms or around the seams of clothing, could be a sign of something else, such as scabies.
Where in the world are travelers likely to find them?
A Bedbugs prefer a climate that hovers around 60 to 70 degrees. Because they are such good travelers, they can hitch a ride almost anywhere, so staying in a four-star hotel may not make you immune. However, a hotel that uses insecticides properly should be able to control bedbugs, said Santa Clara County's Strickman.
If bitten, what should a traveler do?
Act swiftly as soon as you notice multiple bites:
• Change rooms or even hotels.
• Ask the hotel manager to send you to the doctor. A doctor can diagnose the bites, if the hotel manager can't provide information about what kind of bug may have bitten you, and a doctor may decide to prescribe a lotion like Acticin (the generic is permethrin). The lotion, worn head to toe for 12 to 24 hours, wipes out mites that cause scabies or kills off lice, another pest that likes to live in places bedbugs frequent.
• United Healthcare nurses suggest a visit to the pharmacy. Stock up on anti-inflammatories, like ibuprofen; something to help suppress an immune-system reaction such as itching, like Benadryl; and other anti-itch remedies like Lanocaine or Caladryl. These medications can help travelers weather an allergy reaction, if the bug bite provokes one.
Can bedbugs spread disease?
A There's no evidence that they have. ``It's been hard to pin anything on them,'' Strickman said, but because the insects feed on people, and feed frequently, scientists have long suspected some sort of link. He said a recent Michigan State University study reports that the insects might be capable of transmitting the hepatitis B virus after they've bitten an infected person.
What should you do when you get home?
Even if you haven't been bitten, many experts recommend that you take your suitcases to the garage or patio and vacuum them inside and out before bringing them into the house.
How should you handle an infestation after the trip?
A If you are still having problems when you get home, contain the bug to prevent it from spreading. Wash all clothes and bedding in hot water and dry them in a hot dryer. Bedbugs don't survive at temperatures below 45 degrees, Orkin says, so freezing your fabric goods also can help contain the problem.
If you brought back something besides bedbugs, such as lice or scabies, consider using a spray insecticide such as RID, available at a grocery store or pharmacy, on items that can't be washed (such as your luggage), and thoroughly vacuum upholstered items such as the couch.
``Our experience here is that bedbugs are still very susceptible to treatment,'' Strickman said. The strategy is to create a chemical barrier between the bugs and where a person sleeps, so that the bugs ingest insecticide when they attempt to feed.
If there are still signs of bedbugs after that, call a pest control company.
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