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The Healing Power of Rainforest Herbs By Leslie Taylor, ND ; New Book! ; Available January 30, 2005

page 103:

Hemorrhoids : Sangre de Grado, Brazilian peppertree, copaiba, vassourinha, epazote, erva tostao, passionflower, picao preto, chuchuhuasi, artichoke, quinine, yerba mate, nettle

 

HERBAL PROPERTIES AND ACTIONS
Main Actions	Other Actions	Standard Dosage
• kills bacteria	• relieves pain	Leaf, Bark
• kills fungi	• kills cancer cells	Bark decoction: '/ 2 cup
• kills Candida yeast	• relieves depression	twice daily
• reduces Inflammation	• reduces spasms	Leaf infusion: '/ 2 cup twice
• dries secretions	• kills viruses	daily
• regulates heartbeat	• stimulates digestion	Tincture: 2-3 ml twice	daily
• lowers blood ressure	• increases urination
• mildly laxative	• stimulates menstruation
• stimulates uterus	• reduces phlegm
• heals wounds	• kills insects

 

Brazilian peppertree is a shrubby tree with narrow, spiky leaves. It grows 4 to 10 m tall, with a trunk 25 to 35 cm in diameter. It produces an abundance of small flowers formed in panicles that bear a great many small, flesh-colored, berry-like fruits in December and January. It is indigenous to South and Cen­ tral America and can also be found in semitropical and tropical regions of the United States and Africa. In both North and South America, three different trees—Schinus molle, Schinus aroeira, and Schinus terebinthifolius—are all inter­ changeably called "peppertrees."

Family: Anacardiaceae Genus: Schinus Species: mode, terefa/nthifo/ius, aroeira Common Names: Brazilian peppertree. Peruvian peppertree, California peppertree, aroeira, aroeira salsa, escobilla, Peruvian mastic tree, mastic-tree, aguaribay, American pepper, anacahuita, castilla, false pepper, gualeguay, Jesuit's balsam, molle del Peru, mulli, pepper tree, pimentero, pimientillo, pirul Parts Used: fruit, bark, leaf

 

All parts of the tree have high oil and essential oil contents that produce a spicy, aromatic scent. The leaves of the Brazilian peppertree have such high oil content that leaf pieces jerk and twist when placed in hot water as the oil is released. The berries, which have a peppery flavor, are used in syrups, vinegar, and beverages in Peru; are added to Chilean wines; and are dried and ground up for a pepper substitute in the tropics. The dried berries have also been used as an adulterant of black pepper in some countries.

Virtually all parts of this tropical tree, including its leaves, bark, fruit, seeds resin, and oleoresin (or balsam) have been used medicinally by indigenous peo­ ples throughout the tropics. The plant has a very long history of use and appears in religious artifacts and on idols among some of the ancient Chilean Amerindians.

Throughout South and Central America, Brazilian peppertree is reported tc be an astringent, antibacterial, diuretic, digestive stimulant, tonic, antiviral, and wound healer. In Peru, the sap is used as a mild laxative and a diuretic, and the entire plant is used externally for fractures and as a topical antiseptic. The oleorestin is used externally as a wound healer, to stop bleeding, and for toothaches, and it is taken internally for rheumatism and as a purgative. In South Africa, a leaf tea is used to treat colds, and a leaf decoction is inhaled for colds, hypertension, depression, and irregular heartbeat. In the Brazilian Ama­ zon, a bark tea is used as a laxative, and a bark-and-leaf tea is used as a stimu­ lant and antidepressant. In Argentina, a decoction is made with the dried leaves and is taken for menstrual disorders and is also used for respiratory and uri­ nary tract infections and disorders.

Brazilian peppertree is still employed in herbal medicine today in many countries. It is used for many conditions in the tropics, including menstrual disorders, bronchitis, gingivitis, gonorrhea, gout, eye infections, rheumatism, sores, swellings, tuberculosis, ulcers, urethritis, urogenital disorders, sexually transmitted diseases, warts, and wounds. In Brazilian herbal medicine today, the dried bark and/or leaves are employed for heart problems (hypertension and irregular heartbeat), infections of all sortss, menstrual disorders with exces­ sive bleeding, rumors, and general inflammation. A liquid extract or tincture prepared with the bark is used internally as a stimulant, tonic, and astringent, and externally for rheumatism, gout, and syphilis.

Phytochemical analysis of Brazilian peppertree reveals that the plant contains tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, steroidal saponins, sterols, terpenes, and a large amount of essential oil. 1" 3 The essential oil present in the leaves, bark, and fruit is a rich source of chemicals (over fifty constituents identified thus far, includ­ ing biologically active triterpenes and sesquiterpenes). Some of these chemicals scientists have not seen before, and many of the plant's documented biological activities are attributed to its essential oil. The fruit can contain up to 5 percent essential oil, and the leaves can contain up to 2 percent essential oil. 1- 2

The list of chemicals found in the Brazilian peppertree is long: amyrin, behenic acid, bergamont, bicyclogermacrene, bourbonene, cadinene, cadinol, calacorene, calamenediol, calamenene, camphene, car-3-ene, carvacrol, caryophyllene, cerotic acid, copaene, croweacin, cubebene, cyanidins, cymene, elemene, elemol, elemonic acid, eudesmol, fisetin, gallic acid, geraniol butyrate, germacrene, germacrone, guaiene, gurjunene, heptacosanoic acid, humulene, laccase, lanosta, limonene, linalool, linoleic acid, malvalic acid, masticadienoic acid, masticadienonalic acid, masticadienonic acid, muurolene, muurolol, myrcene, nerol hexanoate, octacosanoic acid, oleic acid, paeonidin, palmitic acid, pentacosanoic acid, phellandrene, phellandrene, phenol, pinene, piperine, piperitol, protocatechuic acid, quercetin, quercitrin, raffinose, sabinene, sitos-terol, spathulene, terpinene, terpineol, terpinolene, and tricosanoic acid.

In laboratory tests, the essential oil (as well as leaf and bark extracts) has demonstrated potent antimicrobial properties. Brazilian peppertree has dis­ played good-to-very strong in vitro antifungal actions against numerous fungi, as well as Candida. 4- 7One research group indicated that the antifungal action of the essential oil was more effective than the antifungal drug Multifungin®. 6 The essential oil and leaves have clinically demonstrated in vitro antibacterial activity against numerous bacterial strains (which probably explains why it is an herbal remedy for so many infectious conditions in its native countries). 5" 10 In 1996, a U.S. patent was awarded for an essential oil preparation of Brazilian peppertree as a topical bactericidal medicine used against Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus for humans and animals, and as an ear, nose, and/or throat preparation against bacteria. 11 Another patent was awarded in 1997 for a simi­ lar preparation used as a topical antibacterial wound cleanser. 12 In much ear­ lier in vitro tests, a leaf extract of Brazilian peppertree demonstrated antiviral actions against several plant viruses. 13 In addition to these documented anti­ microbial properties, Brazilian peppertree passed an anti-cancer plant screening program in 1976 by demonstrating antitumorous actions. 14 In 2002, researcher? in Argentina documented that it was toxic in vitro against a human liver can;er cell line. 15

In Brazilian herbal medicine today, Brazilian peppertree is employed for heart problems (hyper­ tension and irregular heartbeat), infections of all sortss, menstrual disorders with excessive bleeding, tumors, and general inflammation.

 

Over the years, several research groups have conducted animal studies :a Brazilian peppertree that have further substantiated some of its many trja- tional uses in herbal medicine. A fruit extract and a leaf extract were sho>»- » lower blood pressure in dogs and rats, 16- 17 as well as to stimulate uterine x ity in guinea pigs and rabbits. 17- 18 Leaf extracts have clinically demct pain-relieving activity in mice 19 and antispasmodic properties in rsns guinea pigs (including uterine antispasmodic actions). 16' 20 In 1974. trie 3 inflammatory effect of Brazilian peppertree was documented; the her used to treat 100 patients with chronic cervicitis and vaginitis effectively.- jt 1995 and 1996, other researchers documented the anti-inflammatory properties of this plant once again. 22" 24

A monograph published in 1976 on Brazilian peppertree's essential oil indi­ cated no toxicity in animals and humans ingesting or applying the essential oil topically. 25 Today, herbalists and natural health practitioners in both North and South America use Brazilian peppertree mostly for colds, flu, and other upper respiratory infections; as a remedy for hypertension and for irregular heartbeat; for fungal infections and Candida; and as a female balancing aid for numerous menstrual disorders, including menstrual cramps and excessive bleeding.

The leaves are best prepared as an infusion, and the bark is best prepared as a decoction or an alcohol tincture. Generally, V 2 cup of a bark decoction twice daily is used for colds, flu, sore throats and other upper respiratory infections; 2-3 ml of a 4:1 tincture taken two or three times daily can be substituted, if desired. This traditional remedy is also used as a heart tonic and for irregular heartbeat. A leaf decoction twice daily or as needed is generally used for men­ strual disorders.

This plant was shown to stimulate the uterus in animal studies and therefore should not be used in pregnancy.

None reported. However, this plant has exhibited hypotensive actions in ani­ mal studies; in light of such, it is conceivable that the use of this plant may potentiate high blood pressure medications.

 

Worldwide Ethnomedical Uses

Region Argentina Brazil Colombia Mexico Paraguay Peru South Africa Turkey Uruguay Elsewhere

 

Uses

for diarrhea, menstrual disorders, respiratory tract infections, inflammation, urinary tract infections, wounds

for bronchitis, constipation, cough, cystitis, depression, diarrhea, eye diseases, fever, flu, gonorrhea, heart problems, hemorrhage, inflammation, menstrual disorders, respiratory tract infections, rheumatism, spasms, tumors, urethritis, urinary tract disorders, and as an astringent, stimulant, and tonic

for diarrhea, lung diseases, rheumatism

for asthma, bronchitis, cataract, colic, conjunctivitis, constipation, cough, digestive disorders, flu, foot fungus, gonorrhea, gum diseases, mouth sores, rheumatism, sexually transmitted diseases, sores (skin), stomachache, toothache, tuberculosis, tumors, ulcers, urogenital diseases, warts, wounds, and as an astringent

for gonorrhea, menstrual disorders, sores, urethritis, urinary insufficiency, wounds

for constipation, fevers, fractures, rheumatism, toothache, tumors, urinary insufficiency, warts, wounds, and as an antiseptic

for arrhythmia, colds, cough, depression, gout, hypertension, inflammation, pain, rheumatism

for constipation, coughs, excessive mucus, gonorrhea, urinary insufficiency, and as a digestive stimulant and tonic

for menstrual disorders, rheumatism, wounds, and as an antiseptic

for bronchitis, constipation, coughs, excessive mucus, edema, eye diseases, gingivitis, gout, hypertension, menstrual disorders, rheumatism, sexually transmitted diseases, sores, swelling, urinary insufficiency,

 

 

 

 

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