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Wednesday 23rd February, 2005
Scientists map rare HIV antibody
| U.S. researchers have mapped the structure of a rare human antibody that could neutralize the human immunodeficiency virus, the organism that causes AIDS. The body makes many neutralizing antibodies -- proteins that are produced by the immune system -- against HIV. For various reasons, however, most are unable to neutralize the virus. Still, the immune systems of some HIV patients have been able to produce antibodies that are more effective than others. Researchers at the Scripps Research Institute and several other institutions have found the structure of one such antibody, called 4E10, which targets a protein called GP41 that exists on the surface of HIV. The virus uses GP41 to glue its membrane to the cell it is infecting. Because 4E10 attacks the virus before it enters cells, it can prevent HIV infection if it is present in the bloodstream prior to exposure to the virus. An HIV vaccine would seek to use 4E10 just as existing vaccines against diseases use neutralizing antibodies. The researchers also found through 4E10 the target area on the HIV surface where a vaccine might work effectively. This antibody is very broadly active, said Dennis Burton, who led the research. "It neutralized nearly 100 different viral strains of HIV from all over the world. |
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