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A Real Breakthrough; New Formula,

What people say makes us excited::

Yes, I DID receive your new formula. Sorry I didn't respond sooner, but I took some time off and went away for a long weekend. I am VERY impressed with the sample you sent.

I have used it about six times now, and I have really experienced great relief...more than any other product that I have tried so far! So, I am very happy to pass that news along to you. And, I am also very happy to have found a product that works.

It seems to work almost immediately. The smell as well as the color is much more pleasant than your last formula, too. Congratulations on a very fine product!! You must be very excited to share this with people.

Sincerely,

Mary Selfridge

 

Trypanosoma spp.

http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~parasite/trypanosoma.html

Trypanosoma spp.
(African trypanosomiasis)

The genus Trypanosoma is large and diverse.  It includes several species that infect wild and domesticated animals in Africa, particularly hoofed animals, and humans.  Most of the African trypanosomes are transmitted by vectors (the one exception is a sexually transmitted disease of horses), and the most common vector is the tsetse fly (Glossina sp.).  The species that cause human African trypanosomiasis ("sleeping sickness") also infect wild animals and can be transmitted from these animals to humans (zoonotic infections).  As their names imply, most African trypanosomes are restricted to Africa, although a few species have been imported into South America (view the geographic distribution).

The life cycles of most African trypanosomes are similar.  In the vertebrate host (.e.g., human) the parasite grows and reproduces as a trypomastigote form in the blood of the infected host.  When a vector ingests trypomastigotes during a blood meal, the trypomastigotes transform into epimastigotes and grow and reproduce in the vector's gut or salivary glands.  The epimastigotes transform into trypomastigotes, and these infect a new host the next time a vector takes a blood meal (view a diagram of the life cycle).  The various life cycle stages of the different species of Trypanosoma are virtually indistinguishable morphologically.

A few species of Trypanosoma are also found in the New World.  From the standpoint of human health, the most important is Trypanosoma cruzi which causes American trypanosomiasis or Chagas' disease.  Chagas' disease is found throughout much of central and northern South America, Central America, and Mexico.  T. cruzi is found in a number of animals other than humans, including dogs, cats and rodents, but it is not known how often infections in these animals are transmitted to humans.

Epimastigotes of Trypanosoma grown in culture; in this form the kinetoplast (KP) is anterior to the nucleus (N).  In most species of Trypanosoma, this is the life cycle stage that reproduces in the gut of the vector.  The epimastigotes measure approximately 30 µm in length.

Trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma in a blood smear; in this form the kinetoplast is posterior to the nucleus.  This life cycle stage is found in all species of Trypanosoma, and in most species it is the only stage that reproduces in the vertebrate (human) host.

Another example of trypomastigotes.  The posterior kinetoplast shows up particularly well.  (Original images from "Atlas of Medical Parasitology.")

 

 

 

 

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On the Net

Recommended Links:

Ingrid Naiman; For better understanding of Parasites

Dr. Hulda Clark's website on Parasites

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